Treemap & heatmap
Treemaps and heatmaps are less usual than the previous graphs, mostly because their are not as easy to understand. Still, they are very useful to describe proportions in complex but hierarchized categories.
▸ Hierarchy and proportionality
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For more complex data than can't be visualized with a pie chart. The color can be used as a second scale.
Presupuesto para políticas de gasto de Industria y Energía 2018
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This is an alternative D3 tool that looks better and allows custom colors. It doesn't has sub-levels but it has categories.
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▸ Value distribution in a 2 dimension matrix
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Heat maps are useful to show changes in multiple variables and show patterns. They are also useful for detecting correlations between the variables.